COURSE OBJECTIVES

• To understand fundamentals of fluid mechanics.
• To enhance skills of utilizing fluid mechanics for civil engineering applications.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)

CLO: 1. To explain the basic concepts of fluid statics, kinematics and hydrodynamics and to solve the steady flow problems.
CLO: 2. To analyze the forces on immersed bodies, different forms of energy in flowing fluids and to uniform flow in open channel.
CLO: 3. To clarify the basic concepts of the fluid statics, kinematics and hydrodynamics.
CLO: 4. To perform computer aided analysis of pipe networks using software (MS Excel/EPANET)

COURSE CONTENTS

  1. Introduction
    • Solids and fluids (liquids and gases)
    • Units and dimensions
    • Physical properties of fluids; density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, surface tension, compressibility
    • Viscosity and its measurement
    • Newton’s equation of viscosity
    • Hydrostatics
    • Kinematics
    • Hydrodynamics
    • Hydraulics
  2. Fluid Statics
    • Pressure intensity and pressure head
    • Pressure and specific weight relationship
    • Absolute and gauge pressure
    • Measurement of pressure
    • Piezometer, manometer
    • Pressure transducers
    • Differential manometer and Borden gauge
  3. Fluid Kinematics
    • Steady and unsteady flow
    • Laminar and turbulent flow
    • Uniform and non-uniform flow
    • Pathline streamlines and stream tubes
    • Velocity and discharge
    • Control volume
    • Equation of continuity for compressible and incompressible fluids
  4. Forces on Immersed Bodies
    • Forces on submerged planes & curved surfaces and their applications
    • Drag and lift forces, buoyancy and floatation
    • Equilibrium of floating and submerged bodies
  5. Hydrodynamics
    • Different forms of energy in a flowing liquid
    • Bernoulli’s equation and its application
    • Energy line and Hydraulic Gradient Line
    • Introduction to density currents, free and forced vortex
    • Forces on pressure conduits, reducers and bends, stationary and moving blades
    • Torques in rotating machines
  6. Flow Measurement
    • Orifices and mouthpieces, sharp-crested weirs and notches
    • Pitot tube and pitot static tube
    • Venturimeter, velocity methods
  7. Steady Flow through Pipes
    • Darcy-Weisbach equation for flow in pipes
    • General equation for friction
    • Velocity profile in circular pipes
    • Laminar and turbulent flow in circular pipes, semi empirical theories of turbulence
    • Pipe roughness, Nukuradse’s experiments
    • Implicit and Explicit Equations for Pipe Friction Factor
    • Moody’s diagrams
    • Pipe flow problems
    • Minor losses
  8. Pipe Networks
    • Pipes in series and parallel
    • Branching pipes
    • Pipe networks
    • Hardy Cross Method